Japanese Memories
Ethel Howard
eBook
(, March 24, 2010)
This Japanese memoir was published in 1918.A short summary from the book's Foreword:The contents of this book are primarily personal experiencesof a seven years' stay in the house of a Japanese nobleman,having been gleaned from jottings in my diary and suchreminiscences as my memory recalls. In writing of a country so steeped in century-old traditions and of apeople so loath, in many ways, to adopt Western culture,it is necessary to introduce a little history at the outset,for the reader will have to familiarize himself with certainstrange names and systems that had dominated thesocial order in Japan without change for generations, andstill influenced both ruler and ruled at the time of my arrivalin that country in 1901.Since the house of a Daimyo was my destinationn, it will beperhaps well for me first to explain the meaning of thattitle, and the standing and identity of such an all-powerfulnobleman as the Prince of Satsuma. Up to 1868 Japan hada Feudal System, and under the Emperor there was a Viceroy or Military Suzerain, kinown officially by the title of"Shogun", who swore fealty to the Emperor, and in histurn had as his vassals the Daimyos or dukes of the country,who were some two hundred and sixty-seven in number. TheProvinces of Japan were formerly governed by Daimyousunder the Shogun, to whom they paid homage, and theirvassals were in turn the Knights of their Province, who asa class bore the name of Samurai.The Samurai of old had very high standards of duty loyaltyand obedience to their lord and master being foremost. Their sword was the very expression of their soul, a weaponfor defending right and subduing wrong. They regarded allkinds of trade as beneath them, never coveting gold, and,in fact, preferring poverty as being decidedly more honour-able than riches. In their eyes it would have been an insultto receive payment for any duty rendered to their lord. Butthey expected of their Daimyo that his soul should be thatof an ideal warrior, of a brave fighter untouched by thethings of this world, and for this reason he has kept as arecluse in his castle. The Shogun was appointed by the Emperor, who was givena free choice in the matter until 1603, when lyeyasu wasappointed to this office. He was a member of the Tokugawafamily and a man of tremendous influence, and for twohundred and sixty-five years from his being appointed theShogunate remained exclusively in the Tokugawa family asan hereditary office. The appointment was still nominallymade by the Emperor, but he was compelled to offer it to a member of this family. As time went on the Shogun became more and more powerful,and the Emperor ceased to take any active part in the affairsof government. He resided in Kyoto, the capital, and lived incomplete seclusion, the Shogun visiting him once a year to payhomage as his vassal. The Daimyos lived half the year in theirown Province and during the other hals in Tokio, by commandof the Shogun, who resided there, and who fixed the time oftheir yearly visit. When the day came for a Daimyo to visitTokio it was a very big undertakig. He was carried in a palan-quin, with curtains all round it, and was accompanied by alarge retinue consisting of a number of pedestrians and a few horsemen.